Here the vegetative cells develop into spore-like stages with much thicker walls and more food material. Some organisms produce spores while others can reproduce through fission, vegetative propagation, budding, or fragmentation. This genus is represented by 29 species. . Asexual reproduction is less common among Spirogyra, but it occurs in some species under unfavorable conditions by means of the formation of asexual spores like aplanospores, akinetes, and zygospores. 3.2. • Akinetes are specialized asexual cells that develop from actively growing cells when environmental signals indicate impending conditions for growth and during favourable condition they germinate. (Chlamydomonas) Aplanospores are thin walled and non motile (eg Chlorella) Akineties are thick walled and non motile spores (eg Pithophora) Sexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction. 2. It found as plankton. The common asexual spores are zoospores, aplanospores, hypnospores, akinetes, etc. • Asexual reproduction takes place by mitospores. Oscillatoria reproduces only through vegetative methods. The viability of akinetes of all algae either suspended in sterilized distilled water (wet akinetes) or blot-dried, placed on a filter paper and kept in desiccators over fused CaCI 2 (dried akinetes) at 20 ~ in the light (10 h duration at ca. Chlamydomonas, Volvox and Spirogyra. Zoospores are naked, flagellated and motile. They were previously known as blue green algae. Vegetative reproduction happens through fragmentation of the filaments. Anabaena, genus of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae with beadlike or barrel-like cells and interspersed enlarged spores (heterocysts), found as plankton in shallow water and on moist soil. Fragmentation happens in different ways. (i) By zoospores: Some species of Anabaena are endophytes. They form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. These flagella allow zoospores to swim to a favourable environment, whereas monospores and aplanospores have to rely on passive transport by water currents. Asexual reproduction takes place by endospores, exospores, akinetes, nannospores etc. Vegetative reproduction: This may be of several types. The fringe part is called chromoplasm. February 12, 2021 Uncategorized 0. E.g. ... desmids. Question 5. (d) Akinetes:-These are thick-walled and elongated spores produced during dry condition from the vegetative cells of some filamentous algae, e.g., Oedogonium, Nostoc, etc. Th Asexual reproduction: This type of reproduction is a common feature in Chlorophyceae and takes place in several ways. • Sexual reproduction is effected by isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy. 2. Algae reproduces by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods (Figure 2.4). The protoplast shrinks and forms a … Pithophora oedogonia andCladophora glomerata survived lowest 60 and 58 %, respectively, in June when the pond diurnal water temperature (PDWT) increased to a maximum of 28 °C. Asexual reproduction: It takes place by means of different kinds of spores like Zoospores, Aplanospores and Akinetes. Daniela Billi, Malcolm Potts, in Cell and Molecular Response to Stress, 2000. Answer: The salient features of Phaeophyceae members: Phaeophyceae commonly called as Brown algae. In multicellular types, the same cell may fulfil both vegetative and reproductive functions or special reproductive cells or organs may be developed. They occur in standing freshwaters. Akinetes are fit for shaping new fibers. In India, the division is represented by 98 genera and ... etc. In the higher form of algae, in addition to vegetative reproduction i.e., by separation of parts of the individual (fragmentation) both asexual and sexual reproduction in algae is common. Cyanobacteria Structure Classification and Reproduction is discussed in this article. Rivularia is mostly found in colonies. a. Aplanospores Under favourable conditions an akinete germinates into a new plant. The akinetes contain sufficient amount of reserve starch and red-coloured oil. In algae: Reproduction and life histories …algae produce nonmotile spores called aplanospores, while others produce zoospores, which lack true cell walls and bear one or more flagella. Reproduction in Cladophora. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction 1.4 A Survey of Algal Diversity ... or akinetes Exospore-producing cyanobacteria Baeocyte- (endospore-) producing cyanobacteria Heterocyte and akinete-producing cyanobacteria ... 15.4 Body Organization of Red Algae 15.5 Reproduction and Life Histories of Red Algae Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Types of Reproduction: Reproductive methods found in different groups of algae can be generally categorized into three groups: vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. There is no reproduction through Akinetes in this Algae. Asexual reproduction by zoospores, aplanospores and akinetes. Akinetes have been reported from several Chlorophyceae, e.g., Oedogonium, Ulothrix, etc. Genetic recombination is reported in 2 cases. Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. Akinetes When a colony of cyanobacteria cells find themselves in a stressful environment, species that have the capability to produce akinetes will do so in order to survive long enough until the conditions in the environment change back to suit the cyanobacteria and it the akinete will then reproduce normal cyanobacteria cells. Sexual reproduction is completely absent. i) Vegetative Reproduction: It occurs by fission, fragmentation, budding, propagation, hormogonia, protonema, tubers, akinetes, bulbils etc. Reproduction in Algae, Biology tutorial. They are essentially enlarged vegetative cells that develop a thickened wall in response to limiting environmental nutrients or limiting light. ... Vegetative, Asexual, and Sexual Reproduction. Vegetative cells and spores. Sexual reproduction in Oedogonium is of an oogamous type, in which a gametic union takes place by the fusion of a small motile spermatozoid with a large, non-motile egg. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ALGAE-- BY --ALIMUDDIN SHEIKH SIR. 10. Watch Queue Queue Nostoc is a Colonial, filamentous algae seen as mucilaginous balls that belongs to the class cyanophyceae (Blue green algae) • Heterocysts are Large sized, colourless, spherical, thick walled cells present in the filaments of blue green algae like Nostoc The reproduction in Cladophora may be (a) vegetative (b) asexual (c) sexual Vegetative reproduction : The vegetative production takes place by (1) fragmentation (2) stolons (3) tubers and (4) akinetes Fragmentation : The filaments break in small filaments, each fragment may give rise to a new plant. Structure; Rivularia. eg. The mother cells divide and the daughter cells are produced, which become new plants. Each akinete under favourable condition germinates into new individual plant. This video is unavailable. Algae regenerate by sexual reproduction, involving male and female gametes (sex cells), or by asexual reproduction or by both ways. how do desmids reproduce. Reproduction in algae is of three main kinds: vegetative, asexual and sexual. (A) Vegetative Reproduction: Vegetative reproduction in algae takes place by the following methods: (i) Fragmentation: ADVERTISEMENTS: Fragmentation is the most common vegetative method of reproduction. Figure 1.18 shows the akinetes of Anabaena cylindrica (Cyanophyta). Formation of aplanospores occurs under unfavourable conditions. Due to these adaptations, the rate of oxygen diffusion into heterocysts is 100 times lower than of vegetative cells. 4. water witha certain acidity and not too many nutrients. Describe the salient features of Phaeophyceae members. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the vegetative, asexual and sexual methods of reproduction in algae. Algae are single or multicellular organisms that live in water or in humid places. Akinetes: thick walled non-motile bodies filled with … Nostoc Fresh Water Algae – Characteristics, Morphology and Methods of Reproduction. Like Tweet +1 Pin It Tweet +1 Pin It The Cyanobacteria are the largest and most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria. Spirogyra is a filamentous algae, commonly found in freshwater ditches and ponds. It is a primitive group of algae, consists of 150 genera and about 2,500 species. 8. b) Sexual Reproduction Among sexually reproducing algae, gametes may be more or less differentiated, depending on the species. Asexual reproduction can be found in few species of Spirogyra. Akinetes are of widespread occurrence in the blue-green and green algae. 2013-02-16 05:01:27. Oscillatoria. Visit Biology Doubts page of entrancei for more questions. Nostoc also known as fresh water algae genus of cyanobacteria is found in the fresh water, on the damp soil, even as endophyte in the tissues of other plants such as Anthoceros or as an algal component of some lichens. Hypnospores and Akinetes: There are many types of asexual reproduction. 1) Vegetative Reproduction: The most common kind of reproduction in algae is by binary fission. Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. First, the genetic material replicates. Asexual reproduction is carried out by the formation of azygospores, akinetes or aplanospores. It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities. These organisms have chlorophyll (an organic pigment capable of absorbing and channeling the energy of sunlight), which is why they are able to perform photosynthesis, that is, the transformation of luminous energy into chemical energy, capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2) to form complex organic compounds …
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